This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Its LS is the LF of activity H, which is 23. hence EF of project = EF of activity k = 56 days. Slack – Float (S): It can be calculated in two ways. In both cases, use the maximum allowable number of workers. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF, TF, and FF for each activity, and the link lag value for each link. ES, EF, LS, LF, and TF for each activity. Below is a breakdown of the steps with examples. Total Float = LS – ES or LF – EF. Determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack time for each activity. Here are the activily times: Dave's earliest start (ES) and earliest. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. Explain what it means if an. 11) Identify the critical path, which is the longest path of activities with zero float (FF = 0). CPM Calculations. Identify the critical path for each network. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, and LF times and the slack for each activity in the figure below, and identify the critical path for the project (MUST SHOW WORK TO GET CREDIT – INCLUDE FORMULAS). Click the card to flip 👆. Perhatikan gambar berikut. The formula for total float is TF = LF – EF or $TF = LS – ES where LF is the latest finish time, EF is the earliest finish time, LS is the latest start time, and ES is the earliest start time. After answering all ES and EF, We can now do the backward pass. For A, EF is (0+1) = 1 week, and for B, it is (0+2) = 2 weeks. c) Determine the critical path and project completion time. Question: C NT 32. 12) was able to determine the activity times for constructing his laser scanning machine. (f) Determine the probability that the. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. CPM. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Fill out the table for each day that the project is crashed. Civil Engineering questions and answers. C 2 A G 11 C, E. Use the following legend for filling out the AON network: Activity Duration ES Total Float EF LS Free Float LF SS 6 FS 7 с 10 F 4 K 10 FF 4. Then use the CPM formula to find the LS, which is LF – t. 2. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF and slack for each activity and identify the critical path. As per the above diagram: There are 6 activities viz. 3. Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. 40 points out of 0. Prepare the Table to calculate FF as done in the class problem. a. E G 6. . Your instructor will provide the answers. Operations Management. Question: Instructions Using the following information, create a project network diagram. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF, TF, FF, project duration, and critical path on the network diagram below. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, and LF times and the slack for each activity in the figure below and identify the critical path for the project. e. Late Finish (LF) = On Critical Path, LF of the last activity is equal to the EF of that activity; The latest start time of the activity of the previous node minus. Slack Time: The Slack time is calculated as LF minus EF. Explain what it means. Note: Both calculations must give you the same answers. (a) Draw an arrow diagram for the project. Use the following legend for filling out the AON network: Duration ES LS Activity Total Float Free Float EF LF. . But this float is converting into free float. (15 points) b. 33 10 Menghitung waktu proyek • Tahap I hitung ES dan EF (hitung maju), maksimum dari beberapa kegiatan • Tahap II hitung LS dan LF (hitung mundur), perhitungan dimulai dari kegiatan terakhir (EF=LF),menuju kegiatan pertama(ES=LS), minimum dari beberapa kegiatan. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. Show network diagram here: Show transcribed image text. Calculate the available float for each task 5. REQUIRED: 1. ND A,10 B,8 C,9 D,12 E,6 F,7. Here is how it is calculated mathematically: S = LS – ES = LF – EF. Question: Given the following information, Construct the PDM network and use the information given in the following table, calculate ES, EF, LS, LF and the critical activities. the probability that the project will be finished in 70 days is. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Based on the following table, calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF and Slack for each activity using an expected completion time of 15 weeks. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, and LF times and the slack time for each activity, show your work. This video shows how to draw network diagram and calculate early start (ES), early finish(EF), late start(LS), and late finish(LF) using forward pass and bac. Projects. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, and LF times and the slack for each activity in the figure below, and identify the. Expert Answer. Let’s look at the approach that some of the popular study guides and . Design I/O 3 7 10 6 9-1 4. Right Click column's header and choose Custom Fields. Transcribed Image Text: Dave Fletcher was able to determine the activity times for constructing his laser scanning machine. LS = LF – t. The activities necessary for the completion of this problem are listed in the table below (in weeks). Based on the following table, calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF and Slack for each activity using an expected completion time of 15 weeks. . Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. Activity Duration (Days) Immediate Predecessor none none none. Calculate The ES , EF , LS , FF for each activity , and the overall project duration and mark the critical path . Task ES EF LS Float A B A B С D A B Time (day) 2 12 6 4 6 B 2 D D C G 3. EF = ES + t. 12 = 1. Civil Engineering questions and answers. Badri Construction Company (BCC) is building a luxury lakefront home in the Karaoun Lake region of West Bekaa. Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. Critical Path Method (CPM) is a project schedule modeling technique. (b). The logarithmic equation is solved using the logarithmic function: x = log b b x. A - Yes 6 0 6 0 6 0 . 5. Question: Assignment Using the figure below, answer the following: 1. Its LF is equal to. Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. You will find cases on critical path calculation and more. To calculate total float, subtract the task’s earliest finish (EF) date from its latest finish (LF) date. (100 points) a. 8868. 22. Free float (n)=minimum early start of all successor activities - early finish (n) ES proceeding activity – EF current activity ©Sheila BelayuthamTranscribed image text: Dave Fletcher was able to determine the activity times for constructing his laser scanning machine. Given the AON network in the Figure, determine the ES. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF and slack for each activity and identify the critical path. Here are the activity times Activity Time (weeks)Immediate Predecessor(s Activity Time (weeks) Immediate Predecessor(s) 8 C, E D, F Dave's earliest start (ES) and earliest finish (EF. The PERT/CPM chart has also been. Draw an Activity-on-Node network diagram for the project 2. d) What is the probability of the project can be completed in 22 weeks or less?These can actually be calculated with a simple formula. Dave Fletcher was able to determine the activity times for constructing his laser scanning machine. 3. Please use the table format presented in the text to solve this problem. a) True b) False c) Cannot be determined If I is delayed by 4 days, the project duration will be delayed by 4 days. It takes 3 weeks to complete its execution. 10) Use the following formula to calculate the Total Float (TF) for each activity: TF = LF - EF. 2-Activity X is independent of both activities Q and K 3-E must start. Question: Dave Fletcher was able to determine the activity times for constructing his laser scanning machine. Es Ef Ls Lf is a project management technique used to calculate the duration of a project. 3. Calculate, ES, EF, LS and LF for each activity, and highlight the critical path indicating the length of this project. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. The Es Ef Ls Lf method involves four steps. Then do the CPM calculations and complete the table. Then repeat the CPM calculations assuming contiguous activities. organize modification team- c. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. Please show the network diagram with all the ES, EF, LS, LF and Slack values on each activity. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. Here are the activity times: Question content area. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. Free Float: The amount that a task can move without affecting other tasks. Question: Draw the following networks, assuming interruptible activities and perform the CPM calculations to complete the corresponding table. let’s see how… You cannot delay activity two by eight days without slowing activity three’s early start of 17th. Mahmoud Abbas MahmoudWhen we have ES and EF of a particular node we can calculate the Total Float using the formula. Compute the values of ES, EF, LS, LF, FF, and TF for the activities, and the link lag values for all links. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Calculate the expected duration and variance of the critical path. If the first activity's duration is 7 days, then its ES = 0 and EF = ES + Duration = 0 + 7 = 7. Question: • Create a table and calculate the ES, EF, LS, and LF times and the slack for each activity in the figure below. What is the critical path of this network? There are 2 steps to solve this one. Answer to Solved For the following schedule, draw the node network,Calculate the ES, Ef, LS and LF times for each activity. Step 5: Calculate the earliest start time (ES), earliest finish time (EF), latest start time (LS), and latest finish time (LF) for each activity or task, using the forward and backward pass methods. Activity E Activity E has one preceding activity, H. (10 Points) Given the AON network in Figure 2 (following page), determine the ES, EF, LS, LF, Total Float, and Free Float of each activity. b) Please see explanation for answer. First, from the Gantt Chart view you need to add 4 custom columns for (ES, EF, LS, LF). Activities path A 1-2 B 1-3 с 2-4 D 3-4 aij 2 3 3 mij 4 16 7 6 bij 6 17 7 4 8 . Activity Time ES EF LS LF Slack. Relax and do your best. The ES for activity G is 26, and the EF for that activity is 29. The Duration box is known prior to drawing the network diagram. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, & LF for all activities. Can the project be completed in 30 weeks? Assume that task A actually finished at 5 weeks and task B actually finished at 5 weeks. Backward pass: This is used to calculate late start (LS) and late finish (LF) dates. Who are the experts? Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Through clicking on Add New Column from the table in right pane and choose columns of type numbers. Each activity's standard deviation is 20% of its mean (for example. Given the immediate predecessors and a, m, b for each activity in the tables below, compute: a. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF and slack for each activity and identify the critical path. Once you have entered all the tasks, their dependencies, and the estimates, please click below to find the critical path. Late Finish. Click on formula button from Custom Attributes. Total float (TF) = LS -ES = LF -EF An activity with zero total float has no spare time and is, therefore, one of the operations that controls project completion time. Business; Operations Management; Operations Management questions and answers; For the following project activities, Draw the network diagram (AON) For each activity, calculate ES, EF, LS, LF and Slack times How long could activity E be delayed without delaying the completion of the project?This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Calculate the expected duration of each activity. LS is LF - duration, whereas LF is the lowest LS value from immediate successors. For the project below, a) Draw the network diagram showing ES, EF, LS, LF, and the critical path. Holgura de la actividad C = LS – ES = 5 – 5 = 0 diasFor manual application of the critical path algorithm shown in Table 10-7, it is helpful to draw a square of four entries, representing the ES(i), EF(i), LS(i) and LF (i) as shown in Figure 10-14. We will illustrate these concepts with an example:Critical Path Method (CPM): Any calculation method that shows the Critical Path in the schedule. Expert-verified. State the non-critical activities. . View the full answer Previous question Next questionAdvanced Math questions and answers. • Can the project be completed in 30 weeks?Do the same for the LS. Identify the critical activities and paths and answer the following question. 2) On the diagram, compute the ES, EF, LS, LF, and the. c) Determine the ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack time for each activity. The steps shown in the following table are to be planned. Alternately, you can subtract the task’s earliest start (ES) date from its latest start (LS) date, like this: LS - ES = total float. Its LS is the LF of activity A, which is 9. Rita Mulcahy’s PMP Exam Prep uses approach 1, whereas Head First PMP and PM Prepcast. For all other tasks, the LF is the same as its immediate predecessor’s LS. Its ES is the EF of activity A, which is 9. LF and slack for each activity. Activity. (10 Points) Given the AON network in Figure 2 (following page) determine the ES, EF, LS, LF, Total Float, and Free Float of each activity. Total Flow demonstrates the distinction between the earliest and latest date the action can begin before the culmination date. ) ES EF LS LF Slack Activity 1-2 1-3 1-4 23 12-5 2-6 3-7 147 5-8 6-8 7-8 Question 3b and 3C The critical path is The. Image transcriptions. Complete the ES, EF, LS, LF and SL. a) Determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity and then determine the total project completion time and the critical path for the project. List activities Use a work breakdown structure to list all the project activities or tasks required to produce the deliverables. 6. Get to know our online critical path method calculator and PERT CPM diagram and solve exercises automatically with a few clicks. (d) Determine the critical path(s) and project completion time. dont wasteSo the Late Finish Date (LF) for “D” is 12/08. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, LF and float for each activity. 0 of a particular accounting software project is being considered by Jose Noguera's technology firm in Baton Rouge. Find the probability that the project will be completed in 24 and 34 days. Right Click column's header and choose Custom Fields. Here are the activity times: Dave's earliest start (ES) and earliest finish (EF) are: Its LF is the same as its EF, which is 14. The following table describes the relationships among the activities that need to be completed. Compute the Early Start (ES), Late Start (LS), Early Finish (EF) and Late Finish (LF) times for each activity in the network 3. Step 2. B) Yes, the project can be completed within 40 weeks. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Dave Fletcher was able to determine the activity times for constructing his laser scanning machine. Can the project be completed in 40 weeks ? b) Assume that activity A actually finished at the 9th week, activity B actually finished at the 10th Recalculate the expected project completion time. Operations Management questions and answers. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. c) Prob (Complete in 30 units) Z = (30 - 26)/2. What is the critical path(s)? Activities A and B start on day 0. b. Final answer. LS. More information from the unit converter. Prepare a network diagram. 33 10Menghitung waktu proyek • Tahap I hitung ES dan EF (hitung maju), maksimum dari beberapa kegiatan • Tahap II hitung LS dan LF (hitung mundur), perhitungan dimulai dari kegiatan terakhir (EF=LF),menuju kegiatan pertama(ES=LS), minimum dari beberapa kegiatan. Here are the activity times: Immediate Predecessor(s) Time Activity (weeks) A 7 B 8 с 2 D 3 Time Activity (weeks) E 5 F 6 G 9 H 6 Immediate Predecessor(s) B B C, E DF A A Dave's. Holgura total = LS – ES. Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. Given the activity-on-node (AoN) diagram shown below, do the following: A) Compute. If the first activity's duration is 7 days, then its ES = 0 and EF = ES + Duration = 0 + 7 = 7. 3268. a) Develop a project network for this problem. Learn how to calculate the mean, median, mode, and range of a data set easily and step by step with our online calculator. Design DB 15 7 22 2 17-5 5. Sketch the whole network. Also determine the total project completion time and the critical path (s). (b) Indicate the criticla path. This is highly useful as schedules changes over the course of a project/program. Identify the critical path. Calculate the expected activity duration ( te), variance for each activity, ES, EF, LS, and LF times and the slack for each activity. LS. The main purpose of creating these videos is to share knowledge about Autodesk and other softwares for engineering students who just started learning Autodes. Question: 4) Perform a project management analysis for the data given below to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for eac activity. Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. Question: Draw the precedence Diagram of the above project complete with ES, EF, LS, and LF. (b) Indicate the criticla path. Its LF is 9 + 5 = 14. Can the project be completed in the required completion time of 38 weeks?ES, EF, LS, LF củamỗicông việc(CV) ES (Earliest Start time): thời gian sớm nhất mà mỗi CV có thể bắt đầu giả, sử rằng mọi CV trước nó đã kết thúc EF (Earliest Finish time) = ES + thời gian cần thiết để hoàn thành CV LF (Latest Finish time): thời trễ nhất mà một CV có thểQuestion: INSTRUCTIONS: For the project information given below, draw a network diagram showing the following: 1. Holgura de la actividad B = LS – ES = 7 – 5 = 2 dias. It means Christina has 15 days to finish this task. Tinh ES, EF, LS, LF, thai gian du tm toan phan va thai gian dir tnr tu do cua cac cong viec (1,5 diem). Latest start (LS): LF – task time for this task ; Calculate slack times for each task and for the entire project. For an activity, the total float can become free float if- Verified. Also determine the total project completion time and the critical path(s). Its EF is 16 + 3 = 19. S = LS – ES = LF – EF. Then do the CPM calculations and complete the table. Identify the activity or activities which have free slack (10 marks) Duration Activity Check fly h. Then draw a time‐scaled network and under it a labor resource. What is the project duration? What are the critical activities? Activity. Here are the activity times: Dave's earliest start (ES) and earliest finish (EF) are: Please copy and paste data from text area below. It is the difference. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. What is the expected completion time for the project? 3. Determine the expected duration and variance for each activity. Fletcher would like to delermine ES, EF, LS, LF, and stack for each activily. Operations Management questions and answers. e) Using the. For the following precedence diagram, perform forward and backward pass calculations and determine the project duration. The advantage with this convention is that you don't need to add/subtract hours. This process is called Backward Calculation LS = (LF – D) + 1. Question: Suppose in Figure 7. Can the project be completed in 30 weeks? Assume Activity E that activity A actually finished at 5 weeks and activity B 2 5 Activity D Activity F actually finished at 5 weeks. txt are the. Calculate Critical Path Calculate Critical Path in MS Project MPP compatible formats or modify existing project schedules in the same intuitive way as Microsoft Project. PPT animation helps me a lot and also I ask my participants to calculate ES, LS, EF, LF for a simple network diagram using both the methods. Download Table | ACTIVITIES CODE WITH THEIR ES, EF, LS, LF AND SLACK from publication: Probabilistic Completion Time in Project Scheduling | There are two common used methods to. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. Civil Engineering questions and answers. How to find the critical path Finding the critical path involves looking at the duration of critical and non-critical tasks. Backward pass for Late" times (LS;LF): In the LS column, the entry is = cell containing LF cell containing duration. Nội dung 1. Here are the activity times: Dave's earliest start (ES) and earliest finish (EF) are:. Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, slack for each activity. Now this means we can delay Activity “D” by 4 days without affecting the Project Schedule because the Project is still being finished at 14/08. Question: Consider the activity sequences given in the table given below. You then move on to the next activity in the path. Highlight the critical path. Find v (t) for t>= 0. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Activities with zero total float are called "critical activities“. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Refer to the critical path you found in 2. What is the probability of completing the project within 30 days? Project Management: The project management helps in arranging the task and order in a systematic way for completing the project in minimum time. Question: 7. Calculate the probability that the project will be completed in fewer than 30 time units. Its EF is 9 + 5 = 14. Để tính LS (Late Start) và LF (Late Finish) trên sơ đồ mạng, ta thực hiện các bước sau: Bước 1: Xác định các công việc liên quan đến. Duration: The amount of time required to complete a schedule activity. Determine ES, EF, LS, LF and slack for each activity. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, and LF times and the slack for each activity in the figure below, and identify the critical path for the project. txt and CPM1. Prepare a precedence diagram showing the CPM Calculations and complete the CPM table using the following data. Total slack is the time a job could be postponed without delaying the project schedule. 5. E D, F Yes 4 11 15 11 15 0 . This is a simple slack time example that explains this term well. LS = 14 - 2 + 1 = 13. Linear Programming. The total project completion time and the critical path should. Complete the ES, EF, LS, LF and slack times for each activity and answer the following question: What is the probability. Late Finish (LF): The latest possible date that the task will be able to finish without affecting the overall project completion date. Operations Management questions and answers. Activity Time (weeks) Predecessors Activity Time (weeks) Predecessors A 5 E 3 B B 4 F 5 B С 2 A G 9 C, E D 1 A H 6 D, F. The EF is calculated by EF = ES + t (the duration of an activity). 1. Figure 2 shows these times noted on the network diagram next to each event using the following convention: The float calculations for the sample schedule are shown in Exhibit 5. It is an input. Manually level your resources and improve the daily resource use (start low, increase the. Early start mea. (enter as a probability and round your response to three decimal places). Question: 1) Construct an Activity on Node (AON) network diagram based on the activity description below. C. c. Use the following legend for filling out the AON network: 3. Activity ty (days) Relationship Predecessor ES EF LS LF TF FF A 6 Finish-to. Question: 2. This calculator will find either the equation of the ellipse from the given parameters or the center, foci, vertices (major vertices), co-vertices (minor vertices), (semi)major axis length, (semi)minor axis length, area, circumference, latera recta, length of the latera recta (focal width), focal parameter. 3. QUESTION 1 Use the network diagram to answer the questions below: 1. Question: Prepare a precedence diagram showing the CPM Calculations and complete the CPM table using the following data. Step 1. Let’s see how we can calculate the forward pass and backward pass using Microsoft First, add five columns named ES (for early start), EF (for early finish), LS (for late start), LF (for late finish), and Slack in the Microsoft Excel sheet, as shown in figure . Activity Predecessors 4 D, E F, E Activity Predecessors 10 4 4 12 A, B D, E. • Thời gian hoàn thành cả dự án = Max { EF của tất cả công việc} • Tổng Chi phí = Tổng chi phi 1của mọI công việc. LS is computed by subtracting LF to Time. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Mr. It’s also possible that you may have constraints added, removed, or modified into the project, which will impact these values. Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. Here’s the best way to solve it. 5 f. Recalculate the expected project completion time. You must show the critical path. Note that rounding errors may occur, so always check the. ) Identify the critical path Assume the first activity starts at day 0. Draw the Project Network diagram b. Activity ED ES EF LS LF TS 1. Free Float = ES2 – EF1. Def. Since we calculated both the predecessor of activity D, now go back to activity D again to complete the early start and early finish of activity D. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, and LF times and the slack for each activity in the figure below, and Activity C identify the critical path for the Activity A 13 project. Can the project be completed in 30 weeks? Answer The ES (earliest start time), EF (earliest finish time), LS (latest start time) and LF (latest finish time) and the slack which refer to the latest and earliest times for each. The latest end date for activity C would be the latest start date of H i. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. It looks like this: LF - EF = total float. No. Question: 2. Transcribed Image Text: Dave Fletcher was able to determine the activity times for constructing his laser scanning machine Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. Optimization methods with objective function and constraints. For the project depicted below, a) Compute the ES, EF, LS, and LF times for the network. Show the values in a table (activity schedule). The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. Conduct a forward and backward pass (calculate ES EF, LS, LF) 4. Use the following legend for filling out the AON network: Duration Activity Total Float ES EF LS Free Float LF SS 6 FS 7 с 10 F K 10 FF 4 SS3 SS 3 SS 3 FF 3 5. Step-by-step explanation. For this problem I would like you to create one table with the original plan and a second table with the updates based on. 2 F FFFletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. Then show the effect of crashing each activity on the network by crossing out values and writing the new ones immediately above or below it, see example. About you. Use the project description presented in the table above for the following questions: (a) Calculate the expected time for each activity (b) Calculate the variance for each activity (c) Construct a network diagram Use both the longest path method and ES/EF; LS/LF method to answer the following questions and show answers in the table below. Recalculate the expected project completion time. Identify the critical path. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. 9)Use the following formula to calculate the Float (FF) for each activity: FF = LS - ES. . With the current estimates, it will take 36 weeks. The total project completion time and the critical path should also be determined. 10 points Part 1: (See figure 1 - part 1 below). Its ES is the EF of activity H, which is 16. (e) Determine the probability that the project will be finished in 70 days or less. Fletcher would like to determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. 0 (1 review) Get a hint. Linear Programming. Node F. Operations Management questions and answers. Calculate the ES, EF, LS, and LF times and the slack for each activity in the figure below, and identify the critical path for the project, assuming must be done by 40 weeks (MUST SHOW WORK TO GET CREDIT - INCLUDE FORMULAS). Also answer the flowing questions completely. 5.